Condiciones de ejecución penal y su impacto en la vulneración del derecho a la salud de exinternos en Lurigancho, Perú
Conditions of criminal enforcement and their impact on the violation of the right to health of former inmates in Lurigancho, PeruBarra lateral del artículo
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Las pésimas condiciones penitenciarias, como el hacinamiento extremo y la falta de servicios de salud, representan una grave crisis de derechos humanos y salud pública que afecta desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones privadas de libertad en América Latina. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación predictiva entre las condiciones penitenciarias y la salud en 90 exinternos de la prisión de Lurigancho, Perú, mediante un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Los resultados mostraron percepciones extremadamente negativas de las condiciones carcelarias (M=12.5/35), especialmente en tratamiento psicológico (M=2.8/10) y oportunidades laborales (M=2.0/10). Se identificaron altos niveles de vulneración de la salud psicológica (M=14.8/22) y física (M=10.5/18). Los análisis revelaron correlaciones negativas sustanciales (r ≈ -0.68 a -0.75) y que la ejecución penal explicó el 43.7% y 51.0% de la varianza en la salud psicológica y física, respectivamente. Se concluye que las deficientes condiciones penitenciarias son un determinante crítico que vulnera el derecho a la salud, exigiendo urgentes reformas estructurales basadas en derechos humanos.
The abysmal prison conditions, such as extreme overcrowding and lack of health services, represent a severe human rights and public health crisis that disproportionately affects incarcerated populations in Latin America. The study's objective was to analyze the predictive relationship between prison conditions and the health of 90 former inmates from Lurigancho prison in Peru, using a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The results showed extremely negative perceptions of prison conditions (M=12.5/35), particularly regarding psychological treatment (M=2.8/10) and work opportunities (M=2.0/10). High levels of impairment in psychological (M=14.8/22) and physical (M=10.5/18) health were identified. The analyses revealed substantial negative correlations (r ≈ -0.68 to -0.75) and showed that the prison conditions explained 43.7% and 51.0% of the variance in psychological and physical health, respectively. It is concluded that deficient prison conditions are a critical determinant that violates the right to health, demanding urgent structural reforms based on human rights.
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