Sujetos y objetos del derecho desde el pluralismo jurídico y el derecho indígena
Subjects and Objects of Law through the Lens of Legal Pluralism and Indigenous JurisprudenceBarra lateral del artículo
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El pluralismo jurídico y el derecho indígena han cuestionado profundamente la comprensión dogmática tradicional de los sujetos y objetos del derecho. En tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar cómo el pluralismo jurídico y el derecho indígena redefinen las categorías de sujetos y objetos del derecho, ampliando su comprensión más allá de la dogmática jurídica tradicional. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, consultando Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet y SciELO. Se incluyeron 63 estudios publicados entre 1982 y 2025. La síntesis fue narrativa y la certeza se evaluó con GRADE-CERQual. Se identificaron cuatro ejes temáticos: (1) diversidad de órdenes normativos y coexistencia jurídica; (2) reconfiguración de la subjetividad jurídica de los pueblos indígenas; (3) tensiones entre reconocimiento formal y práctica sustantiva; (4) emergencia de subjetividades jurídicas no humanas y redefinición de los objetos del derecho. Se concluye que el reconocimiento del pluralismo jurídico y del derecho indígena produce una reformulación estructural de la teoría general del derecho, ampliando la subjetividad jurídica hacia sujetos colectivos y no humanos, y redefiniendo los objetos jurídicos como entidades relacionales.
Legal pluralism and indigenous law have profoundly challenged traditional doctrinal understandings of the subjects and objects of law. This research analyzes how these frameworks redefine such categories, expanding their scope beyond conventional legal dogma. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, and SciELO, identifying 63 studies published between 1982 and 2025. Evidence was synthesized narratively, with certainty assessed via the GRADE-CERQual approach. Four primary thematic axes emerged: (1) the diversity of normative orders and legal coexistence; (2) the reconfiguration of the legal subjectivity of indigenous peoples; (3) tensions between formal recognition and substantive practice; and (4) the emergence of non-human legal subjectivities and the subsequent redefinition of the objects of law. The study concludes that the recognition of legal pluralism and indigenous jurisprudence catalyzes a structural reformulation of general legal theory, extending legal personhood to collective and non-human entities while redefining legal objects as relational entities.
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