Tecnologías digitales en la captación de organizaciones criminales: una revisión sistemática
Digital Technologies in Organized Crime Recruitment: A Systematic ReviewBarra lateral del artículo
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La comprensión de las herramientas virtuales en el enrolamiento de redes delictivas es clave para diseñar respuestas institucionales efectivas. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la evidencia empírica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre el uso de tecnologías de la información en los procesos de reclutamiento del crimen organizado, sus principales mecanismos, estrategias y enfoques analíticos. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática cualitativa con diseño exploratorio descriptivo, bajo los lineamientos del protocolo PRISMA. La búsqueda se ejecutó en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar. Se identificaron 156 registros iniciales, de los cuales 20 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados señalan que el 75% de los estudios documenta el uso de redes sociales como herramienta de captación, el 60% identifica aplicaciones de mensajería para consolidación de contactos y el 45% evidencia estrategias de manipulación emocional. Se concluye que las plataformas digitales reconfiguran sustancialmente los mecanismos de reclutamiento criminal.
Understanding the role of virtual tools in criminal network engagement is essential for developing effective institutional responses. This study analyzes empirical evidence published between 2020 and 2025 regarding the use of information technologies (IT) in organized crime recruitment processes, focusing on their mechanisms, strategies, and analytical frameworks. Following PRISMA guidelines, a qualitative systematic review with an exploratory-descriptive design was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Out of 156 initial records, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Findings reveal that 75% of the studies document social media as a primary recruitment tool, 60% identify messaging applications for contact consolidation, and 45% evidence emotional manipulation strategies. The study concludes that digital platforms substantially reconfigure criminal recruitment mechanisms, necessitating the modernization of law enforcement and prevention strategies.
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