Evaluación del impacto psicológico de la revictimización institucional en mujeres durante procesos judiciales
Assessment of the psychological impact of institutional revictimization on women during judicial proceedingsContenido principal del artículo
La revictimización institucional agrava las consecuencias emocionales en mujeres víctimas de violencia de género durante los procesos judiciales. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto psicológico de la revictimización institucional en mujeres que atraviesan procesos judiciales por violencia de género en la provincia de Loja, Ecuador. Mediante un diseño mixto secuencial explicativo, se analizó una muestra de 48 mujeres de 18 a 60 años con procesos judiciales activos en la provincia de Loja, Ecuador. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) y la Lista de Verificación del TEPT (PCL-5). Los resultados cuantitativos evidenciaron que el 50.5% de las participantes presentó sintomatología de estrés postraumático clínicamente significativa, el 34.5% depresión moderada a severa y el 15% ansiedad. Cualitativamente, se identificaron tres categorías críticas: desacreditación del relato, exposición procesal reiterada e invisibilización emocional por parte de los operadores jurídicos. Se concluye que la revictimización institucional prolonga el sufrimiento psicológico y opera como una barrera estructural para el acceso a la justicia y la reparación integral, evidenciando la necesidad urgente de reformar los protocolos judiciales con un enfoque de género efectivo.
Institutional revictimization exacerbates the emotional consequences for women victims of gender-based violence during judicial proceedings. This article aimed to evaluate the psychological impact of institutional revictimization on women undergoing judicial proceedings for gender-based violence in the province of Loja, Ecuador. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, a sample of 48 women aged 18 to 60 with active judicial cases in the province of Loja was analyzed. Semi-structured interviews, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were administered. Quantitative results showed that 50.5% of the participants presented clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptomatology, 34.5% moderate to severe depression, and 15% anxiety. Qualitatively, three critical categories were identified: discrediting of the testimony, repeated procedural exposure, and emotional invisibility on the part of legal practitioners. It is concluded that institutional revictimization prolongs psychological suffering and acts as a structural barrier to access to justice and comprehensive reparation, highlighting the urgent need to reform judicial protocols with an effective gender perspective.
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